알루미늄 압출이란 무엇입니까 : (프로필 압출 가이드 2020)

알루미늄 압출 소개

Modern computer programs for modeling 알루미늄 압출 은 많은 일을 할 수 있습니다. 압출 다이의 설계 단계에서도 압출 알루미늄 프로파일의 품질을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 컴퓨터 모델링을 통해 다음 지표에 따라 생산 된 알루미늄 프로파일의 품질을 개선 할 수 있습니다.

• 치수 정확도 및 프로파일 모양
• 용접의 강도와 모양
• 재료의 입자 미세 구조
• 재료의 기계적 성질

알루미늄 압출 정의 란 무엇입니까?

아래는 알루미늄 압출 . 이는 프레스 생산 기술자를위한이 기술의 초기 도입을위한 것이며 관리 및 지원 담당자를위한 정보로도 유용 할 수 있습니다.

압출 프레스

알루미늄 원통형 막대 (블랭크)는 하나 이상의 구멍이있는 다이를 통해 가열되고 압착됩니다. 우리는 주어진 단면을 가진 프로파일을 얻기 위해이 과정을 수행합니다. 가장 일반적인 프레스 유형은 직접 프레스입니다. 프레스의 램이 고정 다이를 통해 알루미늄 블랭크를 밀 때.

Most of the presses for this technology are horizontal hydraulic presses. The productivity of the press depends on the size of the dies used. It can have a diameter of 100 to 1000 mm. For most extruded aluminum products, matrices with a diameter of 175 to 250 mm are used. For dies of this diameter, 알루미늄 압출 presses with a force of 1500 to 2000 tons are required.

Aluminum Extrusion process step by step guide

1. The ram transfers the force from the main cylinder of the extrusion press to the aluminum billet. It is loaded into the container.
2. A steel press washer is installed on the ram. The press washer fits into the container with a very small gap to prevent aluminum from being squeezed into the container.
3. The matrix is part of the matrix set. It is made of heat-resistant tool steels.
4. The spacer bolster and die holder and die set holder support the die under the influence of pressing force.
5. A feeder can be installed in front of the die to expand the aluminum flow from the container to a wider area of ​​the die.

Aluminum extrusion pressing without lubrication

Since no lubricant is used in direct pressing of aluminum, the outer layer of the workpiece is sheared off under the influence of friction against the container wall. This has a beneficial effect on the quality of extruded aluminum products.

The fact is that the outer layer of cast billets has an increased content of iron-containing intermetallic particles and Mg ₂ Si particles. These contaminants can be sources of surface defects on the finished 알루미늄 압출 product. In direct pressing without lubrication, they accumulate at the end of the workpiece.

Press residue and cross weld

This part of the blank, called the press residue, is cut off before the new blank is loaded into the press. During the next working stroke of the press, aluminum from a new billet under the influence of high pressure. And increased temperature is welded to aluminum from the previous billet.

It remained in the matrix. This creates a continuous extruded aluminum product. The place where two adjacent workpieces are welded is called a transverse weld. Since the profile near this seam has reduced mechanical properties, it is usually cut out and sent for remelting.

Heating of the workpiece and pressing tool

Before loading into the press, the 알루미늄 압출 billet is heated to 400-500 ºС, depending on the alloy. This facilitates the deformation process and minimizes the strain hardening of aluminum. The heated workpiece is in a plastic state.

The container and die are also heated to prevent the workpiece from getting colder. The dimensions of the die opening are made slightly larger than the cross-sectional dimensions of the finished extruded profile.  Since during cooling, aluminum shrinks more than the tool steel from which the matrix is ​​made.

Aluminum extrusion types

The most widely used types of dies for 알루미늄 압출 are:

• flat (solid) dies and
• porthole dies.

Flat dies consist of only one steel flat disc and are used to press solid profiles.

Porthole matrices consist of:

• two parts
• a matrix disk and
• a mandrel part.

This allows you to press hollow profiles and semi-hollow profiles. Both types of dies can have several pressing channels. So that several identical profiles can be pressed simultaneously.

Flat matrix               

The most important characteristics of a flat matrix are:

• forechamber , pocket in front of the working belt; applies when necessary;
• work belt
• expanding outlet

The work collar is the part of the 알루미늄 압출 on which the aluminum gets its final shape. The working collar does not extend through the entire thickness of the die, but has a length of 15 mm or less. This is to minimize the required pressing force.

The function of the expanding output part of the matrix is ​​to provide the necessary power support to the working belt.  But it should be done without contact with aluminum emerging from the matrix. For this, the walls of the outlet part run at an angle of about 5º. And, in addition, it usually has some ledge just behind the working belt.

What is the function of prechamber in aluminum extrusion?

The function of a special pocket in 알루미늄 압출 is to protect the "fragile" working band from damage when separating the press residue. And it is also to facilitate welding of the remainder of the workpiece in the matrix with the next workpiece. In addition, the prechamber is used as a means of controlling the aluminum flow.

Porthole matrix

As already mentioned, it consists of two parts,

1. a matrix disk
2. and a mandrel part

The mandrel part can have one or several mandrels with working belts that form the inner contour of the aluminum profile. The mandrels are connected to the mandrel body by means of bridges.

Aluminum streams flow around these bridges through feed holes and re-join in welding chambers. The final shaping of the profile takes place simultaneously on the working bands of the mandrel and the matrix disk.